When Buddhism and Brahmanism first came to Southeast Asia, the Himalaya was considered faraway and so arduous to reach that their tales and legends were full of marvel for the Thai people. 8. 8. This mythical creature generator generates 6 random mythical creatures each time. All parents know that it is not easy to raise a child, as children need to have sufficient food and nourishment to grow healthily. At this time, a drought ravished the land, only present Chulu in Taitung still had water. Rompo. [photo cr. In the old days, the people of India viewed the Himalaya as the center of the universe. The constructions of royal crematoriums are thus opportune events for lengthening the legacy of Thai art and craftsmanship. Rick Riordan (Goodreads Author) (shelved 59 times as mythical-creatures) avg rating 4.29 2,656,587 ratings published 2005. Not many heaven and earth Creation myths from Taiwans first peoples have been completely passed down. The Taiwan dollar is Taiwans legal tender. Another example is the two Qing Dynasty records regarding giant crocodiles with golden scales that emitted fire near Penghu which may or may not be related to the crocodile fossil found in Penghu in 2006 that was determined to be a new species. There is another Bunun myth in which human beings came from taro bugs. It is a mark of religious belief and of sovereignty. The most popular ones are the creation stories from the Tsou people ("Goddess Nivenu Creates the Land") and the Rukai people ("Goddess Megaigai Separates the Sky and the Earth"). One day a god in the sky named Gulele happened to see Megaigai. However, the Hydra remains possibly the most legendary creature of ancient mythology. Although it also feeds on human livers. 7. taiwan mythical creatures. Sea monsters are coming in early mythology, as man took to the oceans and expanded their borders. Bunun ancestors have a close link with insects and feces. Many frightened villagers began to shoo these animals away with sticks. * creature - 1. any living being of the animal kingdom (or with traits similar to animals). mythical - something that has not yet been deemed as true by western scientists but despite this a significantly large group of people currently or in the past have believed this being to have actually existed. The creation of the sky and earth is an indispensable creation story in many ancient cultures. ; Banshee - A spirit appearing as a frenzied old woman whose high pitched shriek prophesied a death soon to come. The Taiwanese m-sn- (mshenzi in Mandarin) translates roughly as "little devils."These devious beings are spirits or mythical creatures often featured in Taiwanese folklore. This is the story of how the Dutch East India Company arrived in Taiwan, named it, yanked it from its slumber and pushed it upon the world stage! Copyright 1999-2023 The Taipei Times. Rate this book. For the funeral procession, 10 types of animal figures were included, each type consisted of one pair, which were; elephants, horses, kotchasri, rajasri, lions, mungkorn, tukkator, norasingh, hem, and hongse. This can be seen through references of the forest in religious tales, such as the Vessantara Jataka a tale of one of Lord Buddhas past lives. On that trip in the mid-1950s, Tsai hit the marks on both shots he fired, while the chief harpoonist got eight out of 10. The Greek mythological creatures: John William Waterhouse, Ulysses and the Sirens, 1891, National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne, Australia. Back then there was a family that had a very beautiful clay pot at their doorstep. Midgard Serpent. taiwan mythical creatures. This gave worshipers a sense of undertaking a pilgrimage to the magical land. But theirs are not romantic love stories that talk about destroying your lovers way home to keep him beside you forever, nor stories about a playful goddess who wanted to visit the mortal world. But todays young people are not too familiar with these types of local folk tales. But the children could not keep up with the villagers, and eventually lagged so farbehindthat they lost their way. A Pinuyumayan legend explains the origins of plants and animals the latter was actually born from plants! The material is actually rich and easily accessible the problem is that its scattered in texts belonging to various fields, including anthropology, folklore studies and history, he says. Our next creature, the Dullahan, is a faerie that you'd struggle to describe as 'happy', as it takes the form of a headless rider on a black horse. When it comes to the most famous creatures (those everyone know) : The FAUNS. Because of the unlikelihood of reaching the Himmapan Forest, in the past, those claiming to have set foot there were simply disregarded. The Midgard Serpent is long enough to wrap round the Earth's surface and still be able to hold on to its own tail with its mouth. . Is Underfoot a Nice Thing To Call YourFriend? Since such a large, ornate coin was unusual to Taiwanese, a legend arose that they could fly and bring fortune to the kind-hearted and punish the evil. I feel like Im searching for or trying to put together a lost history, and I hope that people can use my material in their movies, novels, plays, poems and songs.. From then on, the tree became a symbol of an unfortunate woman, and its said that she still haunts them. But people also know Lake Iliamna as the home of "Illie," the giant creature who lives in the lake's depths. Lets explore the Creation myths and common memories of Taiwans indigenous peoples together! We have collected the most popular 100 mythical creatures. The Goddess Nivenu and Megaigai changed and shaped an already existing world and space. Mythical Creatures Worksheets. Later generations of Paiwan people still honor this belief which shows the ancestors respect towards the land and their mythical interpretation of the environment they live in. Required fields are marked *. A. Afanc (Welsh & Celtic Folklore): Said to have originated in a lake near Betws-y-Coed, the Aflac is a demonic lake monster from Welsh mythology.It hunches on all fours and looks something like the spawn of a crocodile and beaver. From fairies and pixies to genies and demonsEurasian hinterlands are believed to be the home of many different mythical creatures and beings.In Taiwan, the local oft-tricksy neighbours are called m-sn-.. The royal crematorium is a representation of Mount Sumeru. There is a multitude of mythical Himmapan creatures. The figures stood at four cubits in height with a mondop (Thai: ) on their backs to hold incense, oil, borneo camphor, and other fragrances used in the royal rituals. One is that the goddess Nivenu planted seeds and the seeds became humans; the other is that the god Hamo came down to the mortal world to live with the wild beasts. The Four Mythological Symbols of China By Han Cheung / Staff reporter. Tel : (+66) 0 2203 5000 (ext. Two extremely common Taiwanese family names share an origin story that dates back over 3,000 years to a sage named Bi Gan. Mid-ranking gods include Baosheng Dadi, the principal deity in Taipeis fabulous Dalongdong Baoan Temple. Terms, Genesis! From then on, the tree became a symbol of an unfortunate woman, and its said that she still haunts them. History Legend Mythology Sinitic Tradition January 27 . Rompo mythical creature. For Thais, we have a plethora of beings that are equally intriguing from a noble elephant with six tusks, to, The story of the Himmapan Forest appears in Thai classical literatures, the vast forest is said to be the home of mythical creatures of all sizes. Photo: @AnthonioDevito. The content of this site is published by the site owner(s) and is not a statement of advice, opinion, or information pertaining to The Ohio State University. Locals believed that this girl was an incarnation of a goddess, and thus named her Megaigai. Taiwans indigenous peoples also passed down many Creation myth stories. Kitsune is a mythical creature from the Japanese mythology. Ho completed his compendium last year and has already put his findings to practical use, publishing Yaoguai Mingchanglu Formosa () in February, a young adult novel featuring several Taiwanese mythical creatures, demons and ghosts who form a band and write songs about their kind to overturn peoples perceptions of them. 12 Bunyip. Almost every god, even those like the Jade Emperor who are believed to have been around for eternity, have birthdays which their devotees celebrate with gusto. Warning: Eats kids for breakfast. A ferocious beast that can understand human language and if tamed would loyally obey their master's every command. Theyre easy to tell apart, because Qianliyan is usually depicted with his hand by his forehead, as if hes gazing into the distance. Legend has it that a 7-foot tall ape-like creature with large red eyes and long black hair lives in Arizona's Mogollon Rim. In Judaism and Christianity, God created all creatures; in Hinduism, the god Brahma created all life. Im repackaging history and culture through yaoguai, he says. You can imagine how the wife felt when she found dog poo in the food basket, but she still had to get rid of it. This creature is said to be half dog or otter and half fish. 1. Youre just a mortal that walks the earth. The griffin is another hybrid mythical creature. Its my experiment to try different ways of presenting these yaoguai, Ho says. These rich and exciting Creation myths of this island were often neglected or forgotten in the mainstream education system. They are believed to be evil beings who feed on the blood and flesh of their victims. He hated the stink of poo so he would avoid them whenever he saw it. The Himmapan Forest, in actual fact, is based on the Himalaya mountains. His consort is said to have been the first person to master silk farming, while one of his concubines devised chopsticks. Type of Entity: Supernatural. Ho adds that these stories were traditionally passed on orally in the Hoklo (also known as Taiwanese) and Hakka languages, which were branded as tacky and unrefined when the government imposed Mandarin upon the populace after 1949. To ward the pesky Aswangs, salt should be sprinkled around the . The most popular versions being humans came from rocks, bamboo, or from a clay pot. Asian mythical creatures are pretty cool-looking and bizarre. He was deeply attracted to her beauty and instantly fell in love with her. The culture in Thailand is often associated with legends and myths of the past, which are common themes throughout the country's art. Inkanyamba South Africa Gigantic, winged eel with a voracious appetite that is . September 4, 2018. by denton.2@osu.edu at 9:25am. Where exactly is the Himmapan Forest? In the early days, villages were the basic administration and social unit, and they did not have written languages; therefore even among the same people, different villages may have slightly different versions of mythology stories, making the mythology system even more diverse and colorful. Retrieved April 1, 2021. Email : [emailprotected]. Please use the code Creatures20off for 20% discount on a Mythical Creatures drawstring bag when you pre-order a Mythical Creatures deck. Historical records show that angels, Vidyadhara (Thai: ), Gandharva (Thai: ), Garuda, kinnorn, kotchasri (Thai: ), rajasri (Thai: ), hem (Thai: ), hongse (Thai: ), norasingh (Thai: ), mungkorn (Thai: ), hae ra, naga, tukkator (Thai: ), elephants, horses, mountains goats, and several other animal effigies were laid around the royal funeral pyre at the royal funeral of King Borommakot (Thai: ). In Japan, he spoke of a type of large Japanese-minted dragon coin that was also in circulation in Taiwan during colonial times. In at least two temples in Taiwan, sacrifices are made to icons of Chiang Kai-shek, who only died in 1975 and who considered himself a fervent Christian. One of the most known local mythical creatures is the aswang. This is the story of the modern Taiwanese currency and its predecessor the Taiwanese yen! The future was foreshadowed in the marriage paperwork: it took three months for Philippines to process my wifes Certificate of No Marriage (CENOMAR). How the Red Leaves, an indigenous Taiwanese Little League team, emerged out of left field to ignite Taiwans baseball fever! 10 Mythical CREATURES That Actually ExistedIf you're new, Subscribe! In the Tsou legend, the earth was created by the goddess Nivenu. The face was something like that of a man, the body covered in scales, and the tail so long that it passed entirely . 1. A dog-like or wolf-like creature that drinks the blood of goats and other livestock. The Loch Ness Monster is one of history's most famous mythical creatures. The Japanese could not believe that an ordinary coin to them was exaggerated into such a legend in Taiwan, Ho says. With a face that looks like a dog, a tail appearing to be that of a horse, flippers, a crocodile head and a large tusks, the Bunyip, sometimes known as the Kianpraty, is a rather large mythological creature that is believed to roam about the vast swamps and other areas of Australia. Ho says that while the Chinese characters of yaoguai () are identical to Japanese yokai, a class of supernatural demons and spirits, his version is a contraction of yaoguishenguai (, literally spirits, ghosts, deities and monsters), which by his definition includes all types of supernatural phenomena recorded throughout Taiwanese history. On the first day of Ghost Month every year, a sinister, chilly wind would sweep through the streets of Taniao (). Image Credit: Wealth of Geeks. As a result, these legends suffered too. Remarks containing abusive and obscene language, personal attacks of any kind or promotion will be removed and the user banned. But not only is this world often ignored, there was a longstanding belief that these Taiwanese folk customs were vulgar since they were suppressed by the Japanese and Chinese Nationalist Party (KMT) governments that ruled over Taiwan. Another is Dizangwang, a Buddhist bodhisattva said to be the king of hell. I know this from interacting with the audience during my talks, Ho writes. I do not believe you., Mural depiction of Thai cosmology [photo cr. But back then, there were not many plants and animals in the world to sustain the family. Were not sure if they are connected, but its just a fun way to learn more about Taiwan, Ho says. Myths are not nonsense or ridiculous stories, they honestly reflect the mindsets and views on life of each ethnic group. Taiwan is known for Taiwan is known for its delicious street . After it digested its food and excreted to the ground, the dung became human beings. It is among the 229 entries in Ho Ching-yaos () book Yaoguai Taiwan (), a compendium of supernatural or fantastic beings, creatures and events from both Aboriginal and Han Chinese cultures collected from hundreds of historical texts between 1624 and 1945. Charon, also known The Ferryman or the Boatman, is a central figure in the Greek mythology, being the one responsible for carrying the souls of the recently deceased across the Styx (the great marsh) and Acheron (the river of woe). "pirates of the Caribbean". This classic Taiwanese folktalewith the infamous ho-koo-p or tiger auntteaches children to stay alert and beware of strangers. All rights reserved. Once upon a time, the sky and earth was connected with a very long stone staircase. Creation myths show how different peoples learn about their origins and the ways they view the world and life. One is called Shunfenger (meaning ears that hear the wind) and Qianliyan (eyes that see a thousand leagues). It was a success. http://goo.gl/djmfuXFacebook: https://www.facebook.com/Top5BestShowTop 5 Best is the #. Somewhat lesser known than the classic Greek gods . Grootslang. Taiwans most popular deity is the sea goddess Mazu (often spelled Matsu). Mythical creatures like the sphinx, kraken, dragon, and Cerberus are known the world over. For Thais, we have a plethora of beings that are equally intriguing from a noble elephant with six tusks, to a giant bird that can part the sea with a single flap of its wings, to extraordinary trees that bear fruits in the form of beautiful women. A general executed 1,800 years ago after being defeated in battle, Guan Gong was posthumously revered for his righteousness and loyalty. Top 10 Greatest Mythological Creatures and Legendary Creatures of Myth and Folklore. After hearing that, the couple adopted the dog poo, which later became human and the ancestor of the Bunun people. Answer (1 of 4): Our dear neighbours have brought several contributions to the "international legendary / fantasy bestiary" if you allow me to call it that way. Himmapan creatures are often depicted in numerous Thai architectures particularly for religious structures and those used for the royal institution. The Old Man icon in Mengjia Longshan Temple is a favourite among Taipeis twenty- and thirtysomethings. Kaijin is a mythical sea creature, also from Japan, who is mentioned quite . Adar Llwch Gwin. This fear of people and especially children disappearing is universal to cultures around the world, he says. In the indigenous peoples Creation myths, the sky and earth already exist. 3. But not only is this world often ignored, there was a longstanding belief that these Taiwanese folk customs were vulgar since they were suppressed by the Japanese and Chinese Nationalist Party (KMT) governments that ruled over Taiwan. In the world mythology system, sun-shooting legends are only found in China, Vietnam, and Greater Chinese culture regions such as Yunnan and Heilongjiang areas. Copyright Indigenous Peoples Cultural Foundation All rights reserved. Loch Ness Monster. Hippocampus was the one that drew Poseidon's chariot. This tale can be found in a late-1890s publication describing the administration, geography and customs of the area that is roughly todays Chiayi County. While Dashiye and other deities are relatively known due to popular religious rituals, Ho says that theres still a lack of knowledge about Taiwans supernatural history due to political whitewashing of Taiwanese education and the lack of formal study on the subject because it often isnt considered proper history. Historical records show that angels, Sombat Plainoy Himmapan Creatures. Watthanatham Journal: Department of Cultural. The snake curled around the egg to protect it. Hes almost always shown in full form with a red face (albeit sometimes obscured by soot from incense burned in his honour) and a long beard, and he usually carries a heavy halberd in one hand. 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars. Storied/YouTube. I showed him the sights all the way to Darjeeling atop the Himalaya and made known to him that we were in the Himmapan Forest. Life of Taiwan specializes in tailoring private tours for international travellers. Another version says that man came from the dung pile made by spiders. While overseas, Ho chooses yaoguai that are easily relatable to foreigners. Dijiang (): One of the weirdest Chinese mythical creatures "recorded" in Shan Hai Jing, the Dijiang is a crimson, six-legged, four-winged creature with no facial features. But since this was her first visit to the mortal world, Nivenu slightly lost her balance and accidently stomped down on one of the mountains, flattening it. After the wedding, one by one Guleles family began to climb up the stone staircase back to their home in the sky. All of these stories are categorized as Creation myths. Those who have encountered Illie report seeing a huge aquatic creature with shark-like features that's maybe 25-30 feet long, maybe . Tarot, Oracles & Books; Decks in progress . How It All Bi Gan: A Surname OriginStory, The Dutch East India Company and Its Taiwanese Legacy. In the mythologies of various peoples, we can find legends on how the gods created the world and how people appeared in Taiwan. The fruit from the trees fell onto the ground and became the ancestors of the Tsou people. Want to Read. Cart 0. Among the supernatural entities worshipped in the country are some who might more accurately be thought of as saints, demons or simply ghosts. A serpentine creature with multiple heads. Werewolf: Wolf-human shapeshifter (Global Culture) Dragon: Depicted as fire-breathing and winged (Global Culture) Chimera: Hybrid Fire-breathing creature (Greek Mythology) Loch Ness Monster: Aquatic monster (Scottish Folklore) Mermaid: Human-fish Hybrid (Global Culture) Yeti: Ape-like being/entity (Nepalese . ; F. Feng (mythology), an edible monster that resembles a two-eyed lump of meat and magically grows back as fast as it is eaten. Originally evil spirits, they were brought to heel by Mazu and enlisted as her assistants. Your email address will not be published. Yuma Taru is a legendary figure among the Atayal people of Taiwan. Gumiho () The 9-tailed fox spirit is an evil creature capable of taking any shape it likes. Although the exact appearance of a naga varies depeding on the parent culture or religion, it is generally considered to resemble a human being from head to waist, and continue from there as a serpent. The citizens choose Athenas offer and named the city Athens, a city under Athenas protection. Creatures from the royal crematorium of H.M. King Bhumibol Adulyadej [photo cr. The mythical sea creature named The Dobnar-Chu is a part of Irish folklore believed to be living in the deep lakes of Ireland. Guanyin (sometimes spelled Kuanyin) began her divine existence in India as the male bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara, but is usually described in Chinese communities as the Buddhist goddess of mercy. Japanese-era newspapers mention Moxina several times, and the demon was most recently featured in the horror movie series, The Tag-Along (). With the Japanese chief harpoonist urging him on and the entire crew getting restless, Tsai fired his first shot. The name, "Chupacabras," comes from the Spanish words, "chupar," which means "to suck," and "cabras," which means "goats.". The three children, who were left behind in the mortal world, used part of their mothers weaving loom as a shoulder pole to go fetch water with the villagers. The third group comprises hundreds of spirits who, its feared, will spread disease and misfortune if not satisfied with frequent offerings; Wang Ye are the centre of attention during Donggangs boat-burning celebration. One of these, Orchid Island, is home to the unique indigenous culture of the Tao people. First visiting Taiwan in 2013, the American painters initial work drew more from his fascination with the nations complex history and identity politics. Whenever it appeared, the winds would stop and the ghosts would quiet down. Our marriage process generated a novels worth of paperwork, but at least it was straightforward: the required documents and notarizations were clearly spelled out by the bureaucracy, and once obtained, the process moved almost without hitch. Most often depicted as a giant with one eye, the cyclops (which means 'circle-eyed') first appeared in ancient Greek mythology. Home wwe 2k20 moveset taiwan mythical creatures. Almost every Taiwanese over the age of 50 has undoubtedly heard the story of Aunt Tiger when they were young. These include 10 parades of elephants, four prides of lions, four teams of horses, eight herds of cattle, and a mixture of other animals. The parents, unable to leave the tunnel, learned that their children were living very hard lives in the mortal world, so they gave the animal and plant seeds from the gods to the children, and told them how to plant and grow them. Mythical creatures are supernatural animals/beings/hybrids that don't exist in real life. While Dashiye and other deities are relatively known due to popular religious rituals, Ho says that theres still a lack of knowledge about Taiwans supernatural history due to political whitewashing of Taiwanese education and the lack of formal study on the subject because it often isnt considered proper history. Why are these creatures culturally significant? On occasion, a 10-meter tall being with a blue face, protruding fangs and twin spiral horns clad in bright red armor would appear, flickering its extremely long tongue covered in flames. In Greek mythology, when the city Athens was built, they wanted to name it after a god. Dokkaebi - Korea. It is said this flattened area is where the present Tfuya Hosa (village) on Ali Mountain is located, and the other mountain top she stepped on is where the present Tapang Hosa is. Not all of them are near the coast. In Taiwan, Korea and Japan, its also associated with rice cakes! The Himmapan Mountain is a mountain range that is made up of as many as 84,000 smaller mountains. Shooting In Camden, Nj Today; Venezuela Hyperinflation 2021; There are many legends that tell the story of mythical places - just as magical as the immortals and magical creatures thought to dwell there. Whenever someone saw a white light flash in the sky, they would say that it was a dragon coin. All these exciting and fantastic myths happened right here in the rivers and mountains of this very land where we grew up. Kaijin. This is a fantastic bundle which includes everything you need to know about the Mythical Creatures across 27 in-depth pages. He tells Yang Chen-yuan () in the 2013 book, Sea Blue Blood () that the distance between the ship and the whale was twice as far as what he had practiced. Adze Togo, Ghana Vampire that transforms into a firefly, biting people in their sleep and - killing them. 'Shape-shifter' Slaughtered in Sumatra in the Form of a Tiger! As a matter of fact, in ancient texts, these creatures are extremely energetic. If we look at mythologies from different indigenous groups, flood stories are a common theme found in every group. Such shrines invariably include statues of two fearsome-looking demons. Supernatural Taiwan. Categories: october birth month symbols. There are other deities which appear in a great many temples, but almost always in a subsidiary role. ; Bigfoot - A type of Sasquatch native to North American forests. In the legends of different villages, there are also stories of humans coming from stone or gourds. In many human creation myths that we are familiar with, the ancestors are usually made out of clay. It also has evil siblings, including Lernaean Hydra and Cerberus. This led to creation of court culture and protocols that are centered around religious beliefs. Top 25 Cats From Mythology. The Katratripulr Village of the Pinuyumayanpeople has stories about an Elder God creating the sky and the earth, yet it did not say how the world was created. Ho Ching-yao, author of a compendium on Taiwans supernatural beings, creatures and folktales, discusses his research and its significance as Ghost Month enters full swing The Japanese could not believe that an ordinary coin to them was exaggerated into such a legend in Taiwan, Ho says. View all national symbols of Taiwan and more! As with most odd folk expressions, theres a story behind it. There is another Rukai story related to the sky and earth. Golem of Prague. Mythical creatures are supernatural animals/beings/hybrids that don't exist in real life. Worshipped by businessmen, police officers and members of criminal gangs, hes credited with helping the people of Yanshui in Tainan turn back a plague that had been devastating the population. The crafting of these sculptures not only reflect cultural beliefs, but it gives craftsmen the opportunity to showcase their finesse and share their experience and learn from senior artisans. These supernatural beings dont just come out of nowhere. Promotion, yr. 57, no. In 1704, the fantastical book Description of Formosa was published in London, Englandand it was full of nonsense and gobbledygook! Slovenia, Solomon Islands, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and . A nymph was the general name for a number of nature spirits in Greek Mythology. In Norse mythology, it is the offspring of the giantess Angrboda and the Norse . Kind of ugly and resembling tiny trolls, these mythical creatures are in the habit of tricking and taunting humans. These are ready-to-use Mythical Creatures worksheets that are perfect for teaching students about the mythical creatures which possess supernatural abilities that are beyond normal reality . Feel free to use images in art designs! Mythical creatures originate from ancient mythologies, stories and folklore, and are often present in books, tv, film and games. Through these myths and legends, our ancestors passed down the stories of how they settled down in the wilderness and brought forth the next generations, and how Taiwan came into being. However, after the goddess looked around the mountain area, she wanted to see more. In Paiwan beliefs, Dawu Mountain is a sacred space of the Paiwan people. Ho says that the most approachable way to promote supernatural history is to focus on the beings, as presenting a giant turtle that controlled the weather complete with illustration would draw more intrigue than simply talking about ancient beliefs about rain and wind. Example of Himmapan creatures can be summarized as follows. 6. Green coloured, muscular, and gigantic, the Buto Ijo is Southeast Asia's answer to Europe's orcs. Phraya Siritham insisted of his visit to the Himmapan Forest and it further angered the monk. Island Folklore: Taiwanese Tales & Traditions, That Time a Frenchman Pretended to be Taiwanese in 1704, The Taiwan Dollar: The Story of How It Came to Be. For example, one version of the legend of Na Tao Ji (, or screw pine tree sister) involves a widow who was tricked by her Chinese lover, who used her fortune to purchase a large amount of camphor balls in Tainan, sold them in Hong Kong and went back to China, never to return.
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